Energetic materials

Energetic materials are solid, liquid or gaseous substances (or mixtures of these) which store a large amount of chemical energy that can be released in a very short time. Such a reaction can be initiated by means of mechanical, thermal or shock wave stimuli.

Our expertise

The expertise group Energetic Materials covers the whole chain from synthesis, production, processing, characterization, storage and transport, reliability, lifetime, safety and security, detection, cost, environment and disposal of energetic and hazardous materials. In addition we combine our synthesis capabilities with our expertise in conceptual design and scale-up in relation to production processes involving energetic or hazardous chemicals.

Our facilities

Hereto we have extensive experimental facilities for the chemical, thermal, mechanical and ballistic characterization of energetic materials and their formulations. Furthermore, the behaviour of munition in response to external threats, varying environmental conditions during transport and storage as well as effects of ageing can be assessed experimentally. This also includes the surveillance of all gun propellants in service by the Dutch Military of Defence (MoD).

This is supported by modelling e.g. finite element models (FEM) like ANSYS and LS-Dyna, allowing us to develop predictive modelling tools. As a logical extension of our expertise, we established an international position regarding countering the misuse of homemade explosives by detection and by identifying inhibitors that, when added to precursors, interfere with the production of these homemade explosives.

The expertise group Energetic materials is subdivided into the following five product teams:

• Ammunition safety (pdf)
• Propellants, pyrotechnics and processing (pdf)
• Space propulsion and customised energetics (pdf)
• Countering explosives threats (pdf)
• Process safety solutions (pdf)

The group maintains a dedicated infrastructure (laboratories and bunkers), all equipped with extensive safety measures, as well as licenses allowing safe and secure handling, processing, characterization and storage of energetic materials, at our locations in Rijswijk and Ypenburg.

Below is a synopsis of our experimental facilities:

• Chromatography (pdf, 309 kB) (GC-FID/TCD/ECD, GC-MS, IC, UPLC-MS)
• Structure and composition (pdf) (XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX, CHN element analyser, water content, particle size analysis)
• Microscopy (pdf) (optical, SEM-EDX)
• Chemical analysis (GC-MS, HPLC, Element Analysis, ATR-FTIR, XRD, XRF)
• Thermal analysis (pdf, 381 kB) (TG/DTA, DSC, TAM, HFC)
• Physical and mechanical analysis (DMA, TMA, tensile tester, density, caloric value)
• Qualification explosive substances, according to NATO standards
• Compatibility testing, according to NATO standards
• Mechanical analysis (pdf, 251 kB) (DMA, tensile tester)
• Insensitive munition (IM) testing facilities (shock initiation, fast/slow cook-off, bullet/fragment impact, hollow charge impact, sympathetic detonation)
• Ballistic analysis (chimney burner, laboratory scale burner, closed vessels, rocket test stand)
• Processing of energetic materials (pressing, mixing/casting, extrusion, 3D-printing, resonant acoustic mixing)
• Bulk and trace detection
• Classification tests dangerous goods
• Pilot scale test facility for safe processing of hazardous materials

Downloads

• Infosheet: Ammunition safety (pdf)
• Infosheet: Process safety solutions (pdf)
• Infosheet: Space propulsion and custom energetics (pdf)
• Infosheet: Countering explosive threats (pdf)
• Infosheet: Propellants processing and pyrotechnics (pdf)
• Infosheet: CE Certification of ammonium nitrate fertilisers (pdf)